Metal-cutting machine



F. MIILLER. METAL cuTTNG MAcHlNE. APPLICATION FILED IULV29.. 1920 RENEWED lULY I9. 1922.

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JMW/MM A Patented Sept. i9, i922.

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FRIEDERICH MLLER, OF-HARTEOR-D, CONNECTICUT, ASSIGNOR TO PRATT & VJHIT- NEY COMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y., A CORPORATION OF NEW JERSEY.

METAL-CUTTING MnoHrNE.

Original application filed March 31, 1919, Serial No. 286,524. Divided and this application filed July 29,

1920, Serial No. 399,716. Renewed To all lwhom it may concern:

Be it known that l, Fnrnonnrorr MLLER, a citizen of the United States, residing at Hartford, in the county of Hartford and State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful improvements in Metal- Cutting Machines, of which the following is a specification. 1

This invention relates to-a machine which is in some respects similar-'to that shown in my copending application for metal cutting Serial No. 286,524, filed March 31, 'y

vvational and,sectional view of themachine.

machines, 1919. Thispresent application'is a division of the said application. l

A machine of the type disclosed inthe said application is adapted to form and preferably relieve a milling cutter or other similar object, and," considered more specifically, a machine of this type is adapted to accurately relieve a cutter blank and provide it with a contour which conforms exactly to the contour of a predetermined former which is inserted in the machine.

Under most circumstances the former which is provided has a contour which is exactly the same as the contour of the milling cutter. Occasionally, however, it is preferable or more convenient to provide a former having a contour which is the reverse of the contour desired on the milling cutter. For instance, it may be desirable to utilize as a former a sample of the work which the milling cutter is intended to cut. lhen a former of reverse shape is provided it is necessary to utilize a machine which is somewhat different vfrom the preferred. form of machine as shown and described in the said application.l

The principal object of the present invention, therefore, is to provide a machine by means of which a milling, cutter can be relieved and shaped in accordance with 'a cutter having a contour of reverse shape. A further object of the invention is to provide a machine in which provision is made for a step-by-step feed of the former pin and cutting tool, the grooves in the cutter blank being utilized to permit the movement of the tool inwardy y(instead of outward) at the time of each longitudinal feeding movement. @ther objects of the invention 'will be ap'- yJuly i9, 1922. seriai'No. 576,148.

parent from the following specification and claims.

" In the accompanying drawings I have shown the essential features of a machine 4embodying the invention. Many of the details, however, have been omitted as these are themselves constitute parts of the present invention. i. y y

0f the drawings: Figure l is a fragmentary combined ele- Fig. 2 is a fragmentary plan View of the machine. i

Fig. 3 is a'vsectional view of the machine taken alongthe line'3'-3 of-Fig. rl.

y Fig. 4 is a sectionalviewof the machine taken along the line laof- F ig. l.

Referring to the drawings, l represents the main frame orv bed upon which the other parts of the 'machine lare mounted. For lcarrying the blank for the tool to be formed and relieved, there-is'y provided a lieadstock 2 and preferably also a'tailstock 3. A tool holding-and-operating mechanism is provided, as shown at 4L. Preferably the headstock 2 and the tailstock 3 are so arranged as to hold the blank against longitudinal movement, the tool mechanism i being moved longitudinally along the blank in the inanner'tovbe presently set forth. Vhen the machine is so constructed, the headstock 2 is fixedly secured to thebed, preferably being formed in `part integrally therewith, as shown.A The'tailstock 3 is adjustable along the'bed to accommodate blanks or blank arbors of different lengths.

.The headstock 2. is provided with a rota-tab'le spindle 5 mounted in bearings 6 and 7.` Secured tothe spindle is a collect chuck S' which may'be of any usual or preferred form and which" is adapted/fo grip' either the shank of the tool to'beA formed and relieved or an arbor upon which'the tool is mounted. Als illustrated in Fig. 2, there is a blank A mounted upon an arbor B, the arbor being engaged by the chuck 8. For rotating the spindle 5 there is provided a worm wheel 9 meshing with a worm on a transverse rotat'ab'le shaft 11.

The tool mechanism 4 includes a carriage 21 which is longitudinally movable along ways 22 and 28 on the bed l. Mounted for transverse movement with respect to the carriage 21 is a slide 24, this slide carrying the cutting tool 25. The tool 25 is preferably very narrow, but if desired a wider tool can be used in certain conditions.

A former and former pin are provided for controlling or guiding the .tool so as to cause it to cut the blank with a predetermined contour. As illustrated, there -is provided a former 26aL carried byf the bed, this former, having a shape 'which is the Hreverse of the shapeudesired to be vout on the blank A.-

The cutting tool 25 engages the blank at the front thereof, and, this being the case, the former 26*l is so. arranged that the effective side thereof faces rearward, this rearward side being engaged by a former pin 27 a. The former pin is secured to the slide 24a by means .of a bracket 222.` .lVhen the cutting tool 25 is symmetrical, as shown, the former pin 27 a is also symmetrical and has the same size and shape as the tool. The former pin is detachablysecured to the slide so ythat it can be removed and another pin substituted corresponding to a tool differingin size or shape from the tool 25 which is shown.

For supporting the former 26a there is yprovided a bracket 28 rigidlysecured to vthe bed `1. In order to permit adiustment,

the former 26a is secured to a slide u29 which is longitudinally movabley along a suitable guideway 30 on the bracket, a screw 31 being provided for effecting longitudinal. movement. The slide can be locked in adjusted position by means of screws 32, 32 eny rovided with means forefl'ectin relievine` C movements of the tool.. It is to be understood that the invention is applicable either to a machine having suitable relieving mechanism or to one without such mechanism. The novel features of the machine embodying the invention have a peculiar cooperative relationship with the relieving mecha-` nism when that is provided.

As illustrated, the toolv is not rigidly secured to the slide 24a but is transversely movable thereon. Mounted on the slide 24a is a slide 87 which is transversely movable along' a suitable guideway. Carried in part by the slide 24 is a mechanism for movable therewith.

sizes, there is provided a tool-carrying slide 38 transversely adjustable on the slide 37. It will be observed that with the construction described the tool is maintained in parallelism as it moves longitudinally for feeding or inward and outward to follow the contour.

The relieving` mechanism for moving the slide37 'together with-the tool 25 includes a rota-table relieving cam 45- which is mounted onthe slide 24a so as to beI bodily As shown, the cam is mounted on a longitudinal rotatable. shaft 47 mounted in bearings 48 and'49 on a` bracket 50 depending at the front of the slide 24a. A lever 5l is pivoted between its ends on the slide 24a and at its lower end is` provided with a roller engaging the cam 4G. The upper end of the lever engages an labutment 52` on the slide37. lA coil spring 53 is interposed between the slide 37 and the slide 24, this spring tending to press the slide 87 forward, thus holding' theabutment 52 in firm contaetwith the upper endof the lever 5l. It will be seen that when the cam 46 is rotated the lever 5l will be oscillated, thus giving a. reciprocating movement to the slide 37 and to the'tool 25. The shape of the cam 46 is: suchthat the slide 37 is moved forward relatively slowly ata uniform rate so that the tool may effect a relieving cut, and is then drawn back relatively rapidlyso as to withdraw the 'tool and position it for' another cut.

As before stated, the cam 46 is driven in timed relation with theblankrotation. 'For rotating the cam, I makeusre of the aforesaid.

.transverse shaft 11. Positioned immediately below the shaft 1l is a shaft 54 which is mounted partly in the main frame and partly in a bracket 55 secured thereto. For connecting the two shafts 1l and 54 there is provided a gear 56 on the shaft 11, a gear. 57 ony the shaft 54 and and idler gear 58 meshing with' the two gears 56 and 57. The idlergear is mounted on a bearing stud 59 carried by an adjustable slotted arm 60. The speed ratio between the two shafts 11 and 54 can be changed by removing one orl both of the gears 56 and 57 and-substituting other gears of different' diameters, .it being lclear that the idler gear' 58 can be adjusted to mesh with` such differently diametered gears` Mounted in the said bracket is a vertical shaft and this shaft is driven yfrom the shaft 54 yby means of bevel gearing 68. By means of bevel gearing 64 the shaft 62 serves to drive a longitudinal splined shaft 65. rlhis shaft is supported partly in a bearing 66 secured to the bed and'partly in bearings 67 depending in a depending bracket 68 secured to the carriage 21. y

Mounted on the shaft 65 between the bear.- ings 67 and splined to the shaft, is a worm 69. This worm meshes with a worm wheel '70 which is connected with a transverse shaft 71. The worm wheel and the shaft are rotatably mounted in a bearing 172 formed in the bracket 68, and in a bearing 7 3 formed on a supplemental bracket 74 secured to the bracket 68. Slidably mounted on'the shaft 71 is a bevel gear 75, and this gear is engaged by a bearinCr 76 on the aforesaid bracket 50 from the front end of the slide 24, The bevel gear 75 meshes with a bevel gear 77 on the shaft 47. The bevel gear 77 and the shaft 71 are splined or otherwise suitably constructed so that the bevel gear is rotated, but is at the same time free to move transversely of the machine when the slide 24fL is moved. Inasmuch as the bevel gears and 77 are both supported by the bracket 50, they are at all times held in mesh. It will be seen that with this construction power is transmitted from the shaft 11, through the several part-s that have been described, to the sha-ft 65, and is transmitted from the shaft 65 to the shaft 47 and the cam 46, the connection between the shaft 65 and the shaft 47 being such that free transverse movement of the cam and associated parts is permitted. The cam 46 is given one complete rotation for each tooth of the blank. f

In order that blanks 'with helical teeth may be properly formed and relieved, it is necessary to effect the relieving movements of the tool in peculiar relation to the rotative movement of the blank so that the relief may be in conformity with the rhelical teeth. 1 have stated that the relieving movements of the tool are effected in timed relation to the rotative movement of the blank; and, for any given position of the carriage, this timed relation is fixed and definite, but when the carriage is moved to bring the tool into a new cutting position, it is necessary to vary the relation between therelieving movements of the tool and the rotative movement of the blank. y

In the construction illustrated, the worm 9 is not connected directly with the spindle 5 but is connected indirectly by means ofv suitable gearing which can be supplementally moved to change the spindle rotation. By preference, this gearing is bodily rotatable a-nd includes a rack and pinion, the rack being longitudinally slidable in accordance with the longitudinal movements of the carriage 21. Coaxially mounted with the spindle 5 is al sleeve 79, this being supportedin bearings 80 and 81 in the headstock. The inner end of the sleeve preferably extends into and has a bearing in the outer end of the spindle. The aforesaid worm 9 is rigidly secured to the sleeve 79. Associated with the spindle is a frame which recessed to receive the outer end of theV spindle and engage the outer surface thereof. Slidably mounted in the sleeve 79 is a shaft 83 having rack teeth formed 'thereon at rfhe shaft 83 is splined to the sleeve 79 so as to bev rotatable therewith. Rotatably ymounted in bearings in they frame 82 is a transverse shaft 85 provided with teeth 86 which mesh with the rack teeth 84. Also rotatably mounted in the frame 82 is a transverse shaft 87. AThe two shafts 85 and 87 are connected by spur gears 88 and89. Also rotatably mounted in the frame 82 is a third rotatable shaft 90, to which vis secured a worm 91. This worm meshes with worm teeth 92 formed in the periphery of the spindle 5 near the end thereof. At the side of the bracket 82 opposite from the gearsr 88 and 89 there is provided gearing (not shown) for connecting the shafts 87 and 90.

Carriedv by the shaft 83 at the outer end thereof is an annularly grooved collar 100.r

Rigidly secured to the main frame adjacent the shaft 83 isl a longitudinal guide stud 101.y Slidably mounted on the stud 101 is a bracket 102 having a fork 103 'entering the groove in the collar 100. The bracket 102 is apertured to receive a longitudinal rod 104 which is connected at its right-hand end with .the carriage 21. The bracket 102 can be clamped to the rod 104 in any desired relative position.

1t will be seen thatwhen the carriage 21 is moved longitudinally alongthe bed the rod 104, together with the bracket 102, will be moved at the same time and to thev same extent. By reason of the engagement of the fork 103 with the collar 100 the shaft 8f3 is similarly moved, thus moving the rack teeth 84. When the rack lslides longitudinally the pinion 86 is turned and this serves, by means of the gearing and thel several shafts that have been described, to turn the worm 91. rlhe rotative movement of the worm 91 serves to turn the spindle 5 relatively to the frame 82 and the sleeve 79. lt will be understood, as before stated, that the entire gearing 7 8 rotates bodily with the sleeve 79. It will therefore be clear that the relative movement of the spindle with respectto the sleeve simply serves to either increase or decrease the spindle rotation to a certain eX- tent. lflowever, the relative movement of the spindle is determined by the longitudinal movement of the rack 84, which in turnv frequency which is normally uniform` and s inasmuch as the spindle and the blank are given a changed rotation which is in exact proportion to the longitudinal movement of lation to the blank as, to be the carriage and the tool, it is clear that the relieving movements are effected in such re"- k in.` conformity with helical teeth;

Forfmoving the carriage longitudinally along the bed there is provideda screw 107 which-engages a nut 108 carriedA by'a bracket109 depending .fronrthe carriage.

`The vscrew is supported at its left-hand end in a bearing 110 Vformed iny a vbracket-111 secured to the bed. Mountedin the bracket 1111is a transverse lshaft112 which is connected with the screw 107 by means of bevel gearing 113. 'At the front end of the `,shaft 112 is a hand wheel 11el by meansof which the screw may bel turned manually to ymove the carriage. In order that the carriage may be moved automatically to feed thetool from one cutting position to another', a suitable mechanism is provided. rllhis mecha'- nism is adapted to feed the carriage intermittently. yMounted in the bracket 111 isa `transverse bearing pin 115 upon which is mounted a gear 117 which meshes witihl a gear 118'on the shaft 112. Connected with this'gear 117 isaratchet wheel 119. Loose'- ly mounted on the hub of the ratchet wheel is a swinging arm 123. Pi'votally connected kwith this arm near the lower end thereof is a link 124E'which is adjustably connected at its .left-hand end with an oscillating crankarm v125. The crank arm is secured to a transverse rock shaft 126 which carries vatits rear end a lever 128. Carried by the lever at the upper end thereof is a roller y positioned to be engagedv by a. cam 130 on a vlongitudinal rotatable shaft 131'. Mounted onathe swinging arm 123 isa pawl *.133 adapted to engage the ratchet wheel 119. Thelfshaft-131 is rotated in the mannerl to vbefpresently described, .and it will be vseen thatatfeach rotation thereof thev arm 128 andthe crank arm 125 are oscillated.` By means ofthe link12t the oscillation of the crank arm 125 is transmitted to thetplate 123, the extent of oscillation of the plate being adjustablefby changing the connection between -the ylinkand-thecrank arm.

' By means of the pawl A133 the ratchet wheel 119 `is turned through a small angle, thus turning the shaft 112 and the lead screw 107 and` moving the-carriage. v

the blank. lThe blank is turned through ap` proXimately one revolution and is preferably mounted in the spindle so that at the position of stopping the'tool will be opposite a groove. The grooves yare .helical ybut the oppositethe-tool. e

Preferably the former pin and the-former 4areseparated at thetime of'each Ilongitudinal movement. "In accordance with one feature of lthe 'invention the former and former pin are separated bymoving toward Y the rear the one "of them that lisrearmost, fthe -machinein this respect being different from that specifically claimed in my aforesaid application.` lWhenfthe pin is rearmost, as herein disclosed, the tool separation isv effected 1moving the pin rearward, the l tool preferably "also being similarly moved at the Sametime. This withdrawal-ofthe former pin is effected by lmechanism actuated by the shaft 131 which voperates inten lmittently, the withdrawal being properly timed with respect to rthe feeding movements.v Associated with the slide 2li is an 'abutment 180a which "is engaged bvV the upperend ofA a lever 181a longitudinally pivoted to thekv carriage 21. The lower vend ofthelever is providedwith a rollerwhich is adapted to be engaged'by aicam plate l182a on a cam disk 183a secured to the; shaft .131. At the beginning :of the rotation of the shaft 131 the cam plate `182LL engages the'roller onthe lever 181n andv swings it in the clockwise' directiomthus moving the toward the rear.` The longitudinal feeding movements and the rearward` ymovements of the pinand tool are so timed .that ,the tool is .always opposite a-groove in the blank A when moved. This' makes the rearward movement of thetool possible. f

.As the shaft 131 continues to rotate the cam 130 operateslthe feeding mechanism in the way already described and the carriage is moved longitudinally along the j bed. `After that thefcaniplate1182a permitsk the lever-181a to return to theposition shown and the slide 24a moves forward, permitting the tool 25 .and 'theformer pin 27atovre turn to their newy operative positions; It

will be seen thatby thus withdrawing the former pin from the v"former vat vthe 'time of longitudinal movement, ll avoid any dif# Y iiculties incident to forcing the former pin along the former whi'leincontact therewith.

If the former pin were maintained in contact withthe former atjall'v times difficulty would be experiencedin'efeeting the longitudinal movement, particularly -at places where'thecontour of the former is sharply, inclined. For steep inclin'es `such as herein move the former pin. i

,For returning the slide 24a'forwardto 'its illustrated, it would be Vimpossible"to thus 100 abutment a together with the` slide 24a l operative position a fluid controlled mechanism may be provided, such as fully described in my aforesaid copending applica tion. ln the drawings, however, l have shown a somewhat simpler mechanism which may be suitable for many classes of work. T have shown coil springs 205 which are located in transverse apertures 206irl in the slide 24 These springs abut at their rear ends against brackets 210 on the carriage 21 rand abut at their front ends against plugs fitted into the apertures.

The before mentioned abutment 180L is a plate 186 located ina recess in the top of" the slide 24a. The plate is provided with a.

boss which projects downward. through a slot' in the slide, and threaded into thisiboss is a vertical stud 187. This stud extends through and closely lits anaperture in the slide 184. Pivoted to this slide 184n are two small bell-crank levers 188, these levers having horizontal upper arms which ena collar on the stud` 187. The lower ends of the levers are adapted to be engaged by a tapered cam bushing 189 vertically movable on the stud. 'Vhen the bushing 189 is in its lower position. as shown,

the levers 188 are forced outward, thusy drawing` the stud 187 downward and forcing the plate 186 into clamping engagement with the slide 24a. In this'way the slide 24L is firmly connected with the slide 184?. When the bushing 189 is in its raised position, the levers 188 swing inward, thus permitting the stud 187 to move upward and release the plate 186 from its clamping' engagement with the slide 24. For moving the bushingy 189 there is provided a forked levei` 190 having' projections engaging slots or notches in the bushing. This lever is secured to a longitudinal rock shaft 191 mounted in bearings in the carriage 2l. Connected with the lever 190 is a lever 192 having a rollerI which is adapted to be engaged by lcam plates 193 and 194 secured to a cam disk 195 mounted on the shaft 181. lt will be seen that as the shaft 181 rotates, the cam plate 198 engages the roller on the lever 192, thus'. movling the lever 190' and the vcam bushing 189 upward and releasing the lock. Subsc quently the roller is engaged by the cam plate 194, -thus moving the cam bushing 189 downward andre-engaging the lock.

' summary will suffice.

l have already stated that a supplemental mechanism is provided for returning the slide 24a after -it has been moved in the way before described. Preferably, in order that this supplemental returning mechanism may operate without being affected in any way by the return movement of the slide 184, and in order further' that' the slide 24a may be returned with a minimum of*v effort,-I provide a supplemental means for supporting the slide 24L after it has been unlocked fromthe slide 184% As illustrated, the carriage 21 is provided near its front and rear with transverse pivot pins 196 and 197. The carriage is slotted adjacent the pins, and in these slots are positioned armsl 198 and 199 respectively pivoted on the said pins. The arms are respectivelyv provided with rollers 200and 201 which are adapted tov engage the bottom of the slide 24a. The arms are connected by pivoted' links 202, and these links in turn are connected by'a transverse yoke 203. The yoke' 203 is provided with slots or `notches in which fit lpivot bosses projecting upward from. the lever 190. The result lis that whenthe lever 190 is swung upward to. release the lock, the i arms 198 and`199 are swung in a 'clockwise direction, thus swinging the rollers 200 and 201 upward so as to lift the slide 24 off from the slide 184Ud and support it independently. The actual raising of the slide may be but a few thousandths of an inch.' For returning the slide'24a rearward as soon as it has been released by the lock and elevated by the rollers, there are provided coil springs 205, as aforesaid. 1

1t will be noted that the several cams 180, 182e, 193 and 194 are so positioned in relation to each other that the operations which they' respectively control take place in the following order. First the two slides 184a and 24a are moved rearward` in unison, f they being still locked together. Then the slide 24ais unlocked from the slide 184a and is at the same time elevated on the rol 1ers 200 andy 201. i' At or about the same time the carriage is moved longitudinally to bring the former pin and the tool to new operative positions. Then the slide 184?L is permitted to return forward to its normal position. In the meantime the slide 24ay is being moved forward under the control of the springs 205. After the completion y of the said return movement of thel slide 24a, the rollers 200 andv 201 .arev lowered and -the slide is again locked to the slide 184.

llt is lbelieved that the general operation of the machine will be clear'from the foregoing description and that a' very brief n A former 26a is proy vided having a contour which is the reverse of the desired contour and a blank is put in place, this blank having been previously grooved and roughed out any usual or referred manner. The o'earinff 78 is adt3 b justed 1n accordance with the degree of in` clination 'of the helical .teeth on the blank and. the gearingf-? is yadjusted in ac` cordancewith the number'v of teeth on the blank. The tool .is adjusted transversely and v longitudinally i. into` engagement with the: blank atgthe right-hand end thereof.

Then the machine is started,the sleeve 79 and the operating shaft 131 operatingalterp nately in succession. v During the rotative movement kof the blank, relieving movements ofthe tool are effected as described, thuscutting the desired relief 'on the teeth of the blank.y After one complete revolution of ythe blankthe rotative movement of thel spindle is stoppedand 'also the relieving' movements of thel tool. The carriage is then fed longitudinally towardthe left, .the

blank.` After the' longitudinal movement the tool slide is moved forward, thus return` ing ytheformer pin to the vformer which is engaged at anew position.' The tool assumes acorresponding position with respect to the blank.-V Afterv this movement of the ftool and former pintheblank is vagain rotated through 'one revolution and these movements f l'are repeated alternately in succession until I seen that with the step-by-step movements f the front thereof and means for 'effecting relative longitudinal movement between the, ,tool and the blank,.andy in-which there may be ,providedmeans for effecting transverse 1 relieving movements'of the tool inftiincdl the tool and engaging 'the former at'the rear the'blank is completely formed.l `It will be described and with a fine feed the former pin can follow or climba very 'sharply in-` clined portion, of thecontour of the former,

thetool-beingcaused to cut a Vsimilarly in-` clined part .of the contour of the cutter.

' .If do not herein `claim the method of cut` i ting milling cutters which is herein disclosedfthis lmethod being set forth and claimed in my copendingapplication for method of making millingcutter's, Serial v No. 399,717, filed on even date herewith.'

What I claim is:

l. In a metal cutting machine of the type 'in which there is provided a rotatable 'blankcutting tool `adapted to engage the blank vat relation t'o thee rotation ofthe spindle, the combination of a former mounted 1n longi- -tudinally fixed relation to the 'blank and having a contourthe reverse-ofthat desired f. 'i toA be out on the blank, and aformer-pin` mounted in' longitudinally fixed relation .to

the latter is provided. y i

transverse movements of thetool to cause it to follow the contourof the former and the f action of the former pin being supplemental t'o that of the relieving means Whenthe lm;m ter is provided. v Y

.2. Ina metal cutting machine ofthe vtype I in which there is provided a rotatable blankqv Carr ine' s indle a transversely n iovable cutting tool adapted to engage the blank at the front .thereof and means for effecting relative longitudinall movement between theV .e l tool and the blank, andin which there. may

be provided means for effectingtransverse relieving movements ofthe tool in timed relation to the rotation of thespindle, thel combination of a former mounted in longitudi-v nally iixed relation to the bl'ank'and having a contour the'reverse {of 4that desired to be cut on the blank, a former pinmountedfin l longitudinally fixed relation to the ltooland engaging .the former at the rearl thereof,y means whereby the relativel longitudinal movements between the pinandformer and betweenv the tool and blank'areneifected in" termittently, the said. former pin controlling the transverse movements of the tool to cause it to follow the contour of the former and the action of `the-former pin being Lsupplemental to that of the relieving means when 3. Ina metal cutting machine ofthe type in which there is'fprovided a rotatableblankcarrying spindle, a transverselyy movable cutting tool adapted to engage` the blanket` the frontthereof, and means ,for effecting.

relative longitudinal movement between the tool andthe blank, and inwhich there mayy be provided means for effecting-transverse relieving movementsof thetoolin timed relationtothe rotation ofthe spindle, the

combination of a former mountedv yin longi-' ytudinally fixed relation to the blank and havinga ,contourl the reverse of that desired to be cuton the blank, a former pinmounted in longitudinally fixed relation to the tool and engaging the formeratthe rear thereof, z

means lwhereby the relative longitudinalmovements between the-pin-and former and between the tool and blank are effected incarrying spindlefa transverselyv movable" termittently, and means for separating `the pin and the former at the time of each longil the said former. pin controllin'gthe*transeverse movements ofthe tool tocauseitte follow the contour of the formen andthe action of the former pin' being supplemental to that ofthe relieving means when theilatter is provided.

L In a'lmetal cutting machine of the type in vwhich there is provided a rotatable t blank-carrying spindle, a transversely movable cutting tool adapted to engage the blank tiza at the front thereof, and means for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the tool and the blank, and in which there may be provided means for effecting transverse relieving movements of the tool in timed relation to the rotation of the spindle, the combination of a former mounted in longitudinally fixed relation to the blank and having a contour the reverse of that desired to be cut on the blank, a former pin mounted in longitudinally fixed relationto the tool and engaging the former at the rear thereof, means whereby the relative longitudinal movements between the pin and former and between the tool and blank are effected intermittently, and means for withdrawing the pin rearward from the former at the time of each longitudinal movement and for returning it to engagement with the former after each such movement, the saidy former pin controlling the transverse movements of the tool to cause it to follow the contour of the former and the action of the former pin being supplemental to that of the relieving means when the latter is provided.

5. In a met-al cutting machine of the type in which there is provided a rotatable spindle adapted to carryl a blank having generally longitudinal grooves, a transversely movable cutting tool adapted to engage the blank at the front thereof and means for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the tool and the blank, and in which there may be provided means for effecting transverse relieving movements of the tool in timed relation to the rotation of the spindle, the combination of a former mounted in longitudinally fixed relation to the blank and having a contour the reverse of that desired to be out on the blank, a former pin mounted in longitudinally fixed relation to the tool and engaging the former at the rear thereof, means whereby the i'elative longitudinal movements between the pin and former and between the tool and blank are effected intermittently in timed relation to the blank rotation so that each movement takes place with the tool opposite a groove, means for withdrawing the pin rearward from the former and moving the tool rearward into the groove at the time of each longitudinal movement and for returning the pin to engagement with the former and correspondingly returning the tool after each such movement, the said former pin controlling the transverse movements of the tool to cause it to follow the contour of the former and the action of the former pin being supplemental to that of the relieving means when the latteris provided.

6. In a metal cutting machine of the type in which there is provided a rotatable spindle adapted to carry a blank having.

former pin mounted in longitudinally fixedy relation to the tool and engaging the former at the rear thereof, means whereby the relative longitudinal movements lbetween the pin and former and between the tool and blankare effected intermittently in timed relation to the blank rotation so that each movementl takes place with the tool opposite the groove, means forl stopping the blank at the time of each. longitudinal movement, means for withdrawing the pin rearward from the former and moving the tool rearward into the groove at the time of each longitudinal movement and for returning the pin to engagement with 'the former and correspondingly returning the tool after each such movement, the said former pin controlling the transverse movements of the tool to cause it to follow the contour of the former and the action of the former pin being supplemental to that of the relieving means when the latter is provided.

7. In a metal cutting machine of the type in which there is provided a rotatable spindle adapted to carry a blank having generally longitudinal helical grooves, a transversely movable cutting tool adapted to engage the blank at the front thereof and means for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the tool and the blank, and in which there may be provided means for effecting` transverse relieving movements of the tool in timed relation to the rotation of the spindle, the combination of a former mountedin longitudinally fixed relation*` to the blank and having a contour the reverse of that desired toA be cut on the blank,v a former pin mounted in longitudinally fixed relation to the tool and engaging the former at the rear thereof, means whereby-the relative longitudinal movements between the pin and former and between the tool and blank are effected intermittently in timed relation to the blank rotation so thatl each of the severaly successive movements takes place with the tooll opposite one of the helical grooves, means for withdrawing the pin rearward. from the former and moving the tool: rearward into the groove at the time oli' each longitudinal movement and for returning fthe pin to enga-gement with the ormer and correspondingly returning the tool alter each such movement, vthe said former pin controlling the'transverse move-v ments ol"v the tool to cause it to follow the contouro'l the l'ormer'and the action of the-former pin being supplemental to that ol' the relieving'ineans when thelatter is provided' 1' n i S. ln a metal cutting machine of the type in which there is provided a rotatable spinmovement betweenV the tool and fthe blank,`

and in which there maybeprovided means l'or eii'ecting transverse relieving movements oity the tool-vin timed relation toi the rotation of *the spindle7 the combination olf4 aformer mounted in longitudinally fixed relation to the blank and having a contour the reverse of that desired to befc'ut on the blanlna former pin mountedin klongitudinally lined relation to the tool engaging the former at the rear thereof7 means whereby the relative longitudinal movements-between the pin and former and between 4the tool'an'd blank are veffected intermittently in.:timed relation tol the blank rotation so that each olf the several successive movements takes place with the tool opposite one-01": the helical grooves, means for stopping the blank vLat-:the time of each'longitudinal movement with the tool opposite the said helical groovm means Jroi' withdrawing the pin rearward from the former and moving-the tool rearward into the groove at the time of each longitudinalY movement and for returning the pin 'to engagement'with the liormer and correspondingly `returning thetool after each such movement, the said former pin controlling the transverse movements ot' the tool to cause i it to follow' the contourI of the former and the actionoi'. the vformer pin being supplemental torthat of the relieving means when the latter is provided. n 4

"9. ln a metal cutting` machine oli the type yinV which thereis provided a rotatable blankcarrying spindle., a transversely movable cutting tool adapted to engage the blank at the l'ront thereof and means for eliecting relative longitudinal movement between the tool and the blank, and in which there may be provided 'means 'for effecting transverse relievingv movements of the tooliin timed relation to the -rotationol the spindle, the combination of alor-mer having a cont-our corresponding to that desired to be cut on the blank and aI former pin engaging the former, f

means ywhereby the relative longitudinal movements between the tool` and blanky are effected intermittently and whereby similar movements are effected between the pin and former, rand 'means` associated with the lormer and pini-for moving one of them toward the rear. away from the other at the time of each longitudinal movement and for returning it to engagement after each such movement,` the said former pin controlling the transverse movements of the tool to cause it to followv the contour of the former and the action of they former pin being supplemental to that of the relieving meanswhen the latter is provided. l

l0. 11n a metal cutting machine of the type in which there is provided a rotatable .blankcarrying spindle, a vtransvf-irsely movable cutting tool adapted to engage the blank at the front thereof vand means for effecting relative longitudinal movement betweenthe tool and the blank, and in which there may be provided means for effecting transverse relieving movements of the` tool in timed relation f to the rotation oli they spindle, the combination of a Jformer having a contour corresponding to that desired to beeut on the blank and a former pin engaging the former; means whereby the relative longitudinal movements between the tool and blank are eii'ected intermittently and whereby similar movements are effected between the pin and iormemand means associated with the `former and pin for moving one of them toward the rear away from the other at the time of each longitudinal movement and for `eturning it to engagement after each such' movement, the said means also serving to move the'tool transversely and to return it,

the said former pin controlling the transverse movements of the tool to cause it to follow the contour of the formerand the action oit' the former pin being supplemental to that oi the relieving means when the latter is provided.

l1. In a metal cutting machine of the type in which there is provided a: rotatable spindle adapted to carry a blank having generally f longitudinal "grooves, a transversely movable cutting tool kadapted to engagethe yblank at the iront thereof and means lor eifecting relative longitudinal movement betweenthe tool and the blank, and in which' there may be provided means for eliecting transverse relievingmovements ol the tool in timed relation to the rotation of the spindie, they combination olr a former having a contour corresponding to that desired to be cut on the blank and a former pin engaging the former,` means whereby the relative longitudinal movements between the tool and blank are effected intermittently so that each movement takes place withy the tool oppo-v site a groove and whereby similar movements are effected betweenl the' pin- `and former? and means associated with. rthe iio former and pin for moving one of them toward the rear away from the other at the time of each longitudinal movement and for returning it to engagement after each such movement, the said former pin controlling the transverse movements of the tool to cause it to follow thecontour of the former and the action of the former pin being supplemental to that of the relieving means when the latter is provided.

12, In a metal cutting machine of the type in which there is provided a rotatable spindle adapted to carry a blank having generally longitudinal grooves, a transversely movable cutting tool adapted to engage the blank at the front thereof and means for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the tool and the blank, and in which there may be provided means for effecting transverse relieving movements of the tool in timed relation to the rotation of the spindle, the combination of a former having a contour corresponding to that desired to be cut on the blank and a former pin engaging the former, means whereby 'the relative longitudinal movements between the tool and blank are effected intermittently so that each movement takes place with the tool opposite a groove and .whereby similar movements are effected between the pin and former, means for stopping the blank at the time of each longitudinal movement, and means associated with the former and pin for moving one of them toward the rear away from the other at the time of each longitudinal movement and for returning it to engagement after each such movement, the said former pin controlling the transverse movements of the tool to cause it to follow the contour of the former and the action of the former pin being supplemental to that of the relieving means when the latter is provided.

13. In a metal cutting machine of the type in which there is provided a rotatable spindle adapted to carry a blank having generally longitudinal grooves, a transversely movable cutting tool adapted to engage the blank at the front thereof and means for effecting relative longitudinal movement between the tool and the blank, and in which there may be provided means for effecting transverse relieving movements of the tool in timed relation to the rotation of the spindle, the combination of a former having a contour corresponding to that desired to be cut on the blank and a former pin engaging the former, means wherebythe relative longitudinal movements between the tool and blank are effected intermittently so that each 0f the several successive movements takes place with the tool opposite one of the helical grooves and whereby similar movements are effected between the pin and former, and

means associated with the former and pin for moving one of them toward the rear movements of the tool to cause it to follow" the contour of the former and the action of the former pin being supplemental to that of the relieving means when the latter is provided.

111. In a metal cutting machine having a blank-carrying spindle, the combination comprising a cutting` tool, means for rotat- .ing said spindle, a former member having a contour the reverse of t-he contour to which it is desired to cut the blank, and means limited by said former member for automatically effecting lateral and longitudinal movements between the tool and the blank to cut the blank to the desired contour.

15. In a metal cutting machine havingl a blank-carrying spindle, the combination comprising a cutting tool, means for effecting relative rotation between the blank and the tool, a former member having a contour the reverse of the contour to which the blank is to be cut, means limited by said former member forautomatically effecting lateral movement between the tool and the blank, and automatic means for effecting feeding movements between the tool and the blank in timed relation to the blank rotation.

16. ln a metal cutting machine having a blank-carrying spindle, comprising a cutting tool, means for rotating said spindle, a former member having a contour the reverse of the contour to which it is desired to cut the blank, a former pin connected to said tool and adapted to engage the former member, means limited by said former member and the pin for automatically effecting lateral movement between the tool and the blank, and automatic means for effecting longitudinal feeding movements of the tool and the pin relative to the blank and the former member, said pin being disconnected from the former member during the longitudinal feeding movements.

17. In a metal cutting machine having a blank-carrying spindle, the combination comprising` a cutting tool, means for effecting relative rotation between the blank and .the tool, a former member having a contour the reverse of the contour to which the blank is to be cut, means limited by said former member for automatically effecting lateral movement between the tool and the blank, and automatic means for effecting intermittent longitudinal feeding movements between the tool and the blank in timed relation to the blank rotation.

18. ln a machine for cutting a blank having longitudinal helical grooves, the comthe combination n bination `Comprising a outting tool, a former member having a contour the reverse of the contour to which the blank is to be out,

means for `rotating the blank, automaticV vmeans vforv effecting intermittent feeding movements by the tool in timed relation to the .blank rotation, each of said Vfeeding vmovements taking place Wlien the tool is opposite a groove in said blank, andy means',

limited byK said .former member* for automatically effecting llateral movement bef` t tween the tool and the blank for outtingthe y FRIEDnRioH MLLER; 

